Where to find Brook Trout

All about the trout

There are several species of trout in the Adirondacks: Brown Trout, Rainbow Trout, Brook Trout, and Lake Trout. We’re specifically going to focus on Brook Trout, but it’s also worth sharing more information on each species.

Brown Trout

Brown trout (Salmo trutta) are a resilient and widely distributed freshwater fish species native to Europe but introduced to North America in the late 19th century. Known for their adaptability, they thrive in cold, well-oxygenated rivers, streams, and lakes, often preferring habitat with ample cover such as submerged logs, undercut banks, and rocky structures. Highly prized by anglers, brown trout are known for their elusive nature and aggressive feeding habits. 

Rainbow Trout

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are a popular and widely distributed freshwater fish native to the Pacific Ocean tributaries of North America and Asia. They thrive in cold, fast-flowing rivers and streams, and have been introduced for sport fishing across the northeast, including in the Adirondacks.  

Brook Trout

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are a cold-water fish species native to the Adirondacks and eastern North America, thriving in clean, well-oxygenated streams, rivers, and lakes. They prefer shaded, spring-fed waters with gravel bottoms and are highly sensitive to environmental changes, making them an indicator species for water quality.

Photo: US Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region

Lake Trout

Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) are a cold-water fish species native to North America, primarily found in deep, oxygen-rich lakes. They can grow to impressive sizes and are known for their slow growth rates and long lifespans. Highly valued by anglers and commercial fisheries, lake trout play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems but are sensitive to environmental changes such as warming waters and invasive species. Lake trout have been threatened by the introduction of non-native sport fish, but in some locations, such as Lake Champlain, the species is rebounding. 

How can we protect Brook Trout?

Protecting brook trout starts with learning more about their habitat and the species themselves (you’re doing that now!). As we know, brook trout require cold, well-oxygenated water in order to survive and reproduce. Typically, oxygen levels of 5-6 mg/L or greater are required for brook trout, and anything lower can stress the fish – an equivalent would be humans breathing in and out of a straw. In order to preserve this cold-water habitat, there’s a few things we can do to help: 
 
1. Plant and maintain a diverse native plant buffer along streams and rivers. 

2. Protect native shoreline trees and shrubs from invasive species, such as the Hemlock-Wooly Adelgid.  

3. Reduce runoff and erosion to minimize disruption to habitat. 

How can you help?

Programs like Stream Wise can help you promote better streamside conditions for Brook Trout and other trout species. Stream Wise is a voluntary, free assessment program that seeks to connect landowners with opportunities to improve streamside buffers. Our team works with the Lake Champlain Basin Program and partnering organizations to implement the Stream Wise program. To participate in the program, reach out to our team by visiting: Stream Wise in the Saranac River Watershed — Adirondack Watershed Institute.